Toothpaste

Toothpaste or dentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush to clean dental surfaces. Its main function is to help remove bacterial plaque and food debris through a mild abrasive effect, as well as providing freshness and, in modern versions, fluoride to strengthen enamel.

Description of what it is like

It can appear as a fine powder or a wet paste. It generally has a very fine gritty texture but is soft to the touch. The color depends on the ingredients (white if chalk/clay, gray if ash, black if charcoal).

Origin and where to find it

• Environments: Home manufacture or settlements.
• Signs: Not natural.
• Natural/Synthetic: Synthetic (prepared mixture).

Minimum processing required

• Grinding: Abrasive ingredients (chalk, charcoal, salt) must be ground to an impalpable powder so as not to scratch enamel.
• Sifting: Crucial to filter out any large particles.
• Mixing: Combine powders with water or oil to form a paste (optional).

Tools needed to work on it

• Mortar and pestle: To pulverize ingredients.
• Sieve/Fine cloth: To ensure powder fineness.
• Container: To mix and store.

Common forms of use

• Tooth powder: Wet the brush and dip it into the powder.
• Paste: Apply a small amount to the brush.

Possible substitutes

• Water only: Mechanical brushing is the most important part.
• Fine salt: Antiseptic and stimulates salivation, but must be used with care.
• Baking soda: (If available) Excellent cleaner and acid neutralizer.
• Activated charcoal: Absorbs toxins and cleans, but is very messy to use.

Limitations and common failures

• Excessive abrasiveness: If the powder is too coarse, it will sand down dental enamel permanently, causing sensitivity and cavities.
• Unpleasant taste: Soap or ash can taste bad; adding herbs (mint, fennel) helps.

Risks and safety

• Ingestion: Should not be swallowed in large quantities, especially if containing soap or strong ash.
• Preservation: Wet pastes can breed bacteria/fungi if they don’t have preservatives. Powders are safer for long-term storage.

Related materials

• Calcium carbonate (Chalk/Eggshell): Common abrasive base.
• Clay (Kaolin): Soft base and thickener.
• Salt: Preservative and antiseptic.
• Aromatic herbs: For flavor and medicinal properties.