Tin

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from Latin: stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a soft, silvery post-transition metal in group 14, known for its low melting point and corrosion resistance. Tin commonly forms +2 and +4 oxidation states and is widely used in alloys and protective coatings.

Properties

• Phase: Solid
• Density: 7.365 g/cm³
• Melting Point: 505.08 K
• Boiling Point: 2875 K

Uses

• Bronze and pewter alloys
• Soldering and joining metals
• Tin plating for corrosion protection
• Food-safe containers and coatings
• Low-melting alloys for casting

Extraction Process

Tin is commonly obtained from cassiterite (SnO₂). The ore is crushed and washed to concentrate heavy minerals, then smelted with charcoal in a furnace to reduce the oxide to metal. The molten tin is refined to remove impurities and improve purity for alloying or coating applications.